英语高级词汇:adjure

18世纪末,美国想通过宣誓强化新移民对联邦的忠诚,防止分裂倾向(如独立战争后各州离心力),因而在1790年通过了《归化法案》(Naturalization Act of 1790),该法案规定移民需通过法院宣誓支持美国宪法,不过在当时,誓词并未形成统一文本。

英语高级词汇:adjure

△现藏于美国哈佛大学图书馆的《归化法案》原件(部分)


直到一个多世纪后的1929年,美国才正式通过全国统一的入籍宣誓誓词 (Oath of Allegiance to the United States)。

英语高级词汇:adjure

△宣誓词全文

19世纪末20世纪初,为了应对移民潮和国家安全,宣誓词成为同化工具,入籍的最后一步,以此确保移民切断与原籍国的政治纽带。

所以,宣誓词的第一句就是:

I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen;

这里用到了两个近义词 renounce /rɪ'naʊns/ (声明放弃) 和 abjure /əb'dʒʊr/ (宣誓放弃)。

两个都是 GRE 词汇,今天重点说说后者。

词义

了解了词源,牢记 abjure 就会变得很简单。

英语高级词汇:adjure

abjure 源自拉丁语 abjurare (ab表明”远离”, jurare 表明”发誓”),15世纪经古法语 abjurer 进入英语,原指”宣誓放弃异端”,后扩展为“郑重放弃信仰, 权利或主张”,与昨天说的jury同源。

They were compelled to abjure their faith under threat of persecution.
他们被迫在迫害威胁下放弃信仰。

The heretic was forced to abjure his doctrines publicly.
异端者被要求公开宣誓放弃其学说。

The alcoholic abjured his life of dissipation and sought redemption.
酒鬼发誓结束放荡生活,寻求救赎。

He abjured himself from all political activities.
他发誓退出一切政治活动。

近义

abjure 的近义词按难度级别由低到高:

中学

deny /dɪ'naɪ/:拒绝承认

reject /rɪ'dʒekt/:不接受

desert /dɪ'zɜːrt/:抛弃

abandon /ə'bændən/:放弃

四六级

dump /dʌmp/:丢弃

discard /dɪ'skɑːrd/:丢弃

terminate /'tɜːrmɪneɪt/:终止(协议/关系)

出国

forgo /fɔ:r'gəʊ/:放弃,克制

spurn /spɜːrn/:摒弃

eschew /ɪs'tʃu:/:有意避开

forswear /fɔ:r'swer/:发誓放弃

forsake /fər'seɪk/:摒弃

gainsay /geɪn'seɪ/:否认,反驳

renounce /rɪ'naʊnə/:宣布放弃

disclaim /dɪs'kleɪm/:拒绝承认

abnegate /'æbnəgeɪt/:舍弃

repudiate /rɪ'pju:dɪeɪt/:与…断绝关系

disavow /dɪsə'vaʊ/:拒绝承担对…的责任

relinquish /rɪ'lɪŋkwɪʃ/: (不情愿的)放弃/交出

同源

abjure 的词根 jur 与 juris 一样,表明发誓或与法律有关,常用同源词:

adjure /ə'dʒʊr/:恳请 (v.)

conjure /'kʌndʒər/:变魔术 (v.)

injure /'ɪndʒər/:伤害 (v.)

jury /'dʒʊərɪ/:陪审团 (n.)

juror /'dʒʊərər/:陪审员 (n.)

jural /'dʒʊərl/:法律上的 (a.)

jurist /'dʒʊərɪst/:法学家 (n.)

objurgate /'ɑːbdʒərgeɪt/:训斥 (v.)

perjure /'pɜːrdʒər/:作伪证 (v.)

jurisdiction /dʒʊərɪs'dɪkʃn/:司法权 (n.)

名著

In this self-complacent conviction she departed; and the success of her fulfilled resolution was obvious on the morrow: Mr. Linton had not only abjured his peevishness (though his spirits seemed still subdued by Catherine's exuberance of vivacity), but he ventured no objection to her taking Isabella with her to Wuthering Heights in the afternoon; and she rewarded him with such a summer of sweetness and affection in return, as made the house a paradise for several days; both master and servants profiting from the perpetual sunshine.

– Extracted from Chapter 10 of Wuthering Heights

她就怀着这样自我陶醉的信心走了,第二天她显然已成功地实现了自己的决心:林顿先生不仅不再抱怨(虽然他的情绪看来依旧被凯瑟琳的旺盛的欢乐所压倒),而且居然不反对她带着伊莎贝拉下午一起去呼啸山庄。她用这么大量的甜言蜜语来报答他,使全家有好几天像天堂一样,不论主仆都从这无穷的阳光中获益不浅。

– 摘自《呼啸山庄》第10章

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