Liunx 系统安装 Mysql 8.0+

一、Oracle官网下载对应Mysql的版本：
点击下载Mysql8.0
如图：

二、详细步骤

上传到服务器目录中 : cd /usr/local，解压tar.xz：

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

解压后，命名为 mysql：

mv mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /usr/local/mysql

切换至 /usr/local/mysql 目录下，创建一个数据文件目录 data(用于所有的数据库存储数据目录)

cd  /usr/local/mysql
mkdir data

创建mysql用户组和mysql用户

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

给用户赋予mysql目录权限

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
或者
sudo chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/

数据库初始化
切换至/usr/local/mysql 目录下，执行一下初始化命令

./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

生成初始化的密码，需要记录下来，后续登录需要！！！

新增my.cnf文件

vim /etc/my.cnf 
或
vi  /etc/my.cnf 

新增配置以下内容：

[mysqld]
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
    socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    character-set-server=utf8
    port = 3306
   #严格性和行为规则 
	sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE
    # 1:创建的数据库名和表名转换为小写存储，查询时不区分大小写(Linux 默认为0 区分大小写（按创建时的名称严格匹配）)
    lower_case_table_names=1
 [client]
    socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    default-character-set=utf8
#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
 
#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
 
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

注意：当前 my.cnf中没有配置 lower_case_table_names=1 ；
如果需要配置，需要清空数据库数据后才可以添加（建议先备份好数据），要把 /usr/local/mysql/data 目录清除后再进行
步骤6的操作：数据库初始化

设置my.cnf权限:

# 664 是权限的数字表示，对应以下权限： 
# 6（所有者 owner）：读（r） + 写（w） ；
# 6（所属组 group）：读（r） + 写（w） ；
# 4（其他用户 others）：只读（r）
sudo chmod 664 /etc/my.cnf

将mysqld服务添加到系统中
切换至：cd /usr/local/mysql

cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
	
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
	
chkconfig --add mysqld

配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
export PATH

设置环境变量立即生效：

source /etc/profile

启动mysql服务，查看是否启动成功。

#启动命令：
service mysql start
#状态命令：
service mysql status

[root ~]# service mysql start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service
[root ~]# service mysql status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysql.service
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-01-16 17:17:55 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 27231 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           ├─27242 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/VM-0-4-centos.pid
           └─27408 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=VM-0-4-cent...
 
Jan 16 17:17:54 VM-0-4-centos systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Jan 16 17:17:54 VM-0-4-centos mysqld[27231]: Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/VM-0-4-centos.err'.
Jan 16 17:17:55 VM-0-4-centos mysqld[27231]: SUCCESS!
Jan 16 17:17:55 VM-0-4-centos systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

登陆mysql 并且修改密码为 123456789
登录：mysql -uroot -p
设置密码：ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘123456789’;

[root ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 输入初始密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 8.0.26
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456789';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>

设置mysql远程登录后可使用客户端进行连接

1）切换数据库 use mysql;

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A 

2）修改mysql库中host值，所有ip都能访问到root用户（生产环境建议不要使用，除非公司同意）
update user set host=‘%’ where user=‘root’ limit 1

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' limit 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 

-- 以上操作可能存在安全隐患，生产环境建议使用指定ip连接。 允许 168.168.8.200 使用 root 用户连接

CREATE USER 'root'@'168.168.8.200' IDENTIFIED BY '123456789';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'168.168.8.200' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3）刷新mysql权限使其生效
flush privileges;

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

防火墙单独开放 3306端口

#开放服务端口：
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
#查询端口号3306是否开启：
firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
#重启防火墙：
firewall-cmd --reload
#查看firewall防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld
#查看firewall防火墙开放端口
firewall-cmd --list-ports
#关闭防火墙命令
systemctl stop firewalld.service
#禁止firewall开机启动 
systemctl disable firewalld.service